MRI techniques provide non-invasive and non-ionizing methods for the accurate anatomic depiction of the cardiovascular system. In addition, the intrinsic sensitivity of MRI to motion offers the unique ability to acquire blood flow simultaneously with anatomical data within a single measurement (phase contrast (PC) principle). The characterization of the dynamic components of blood flow with MRI has achieved considerable progress in recent years including new methodological advances such as 4D Flow MRI for the comprehensive in-vivo analysis of complex time-resolved 3D blood flow characteristics.
4-dimensional phase contrast imaging in congenital heart disease: How we do it
Timothy C. Slesnick, M.D.; Sassan Hashemi, M.D.
Emory University School of Medicine, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
CMR in congenital heart disease, including the role of 4D Flow
Timothy C. Slesnick, M.D.
Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
10th MAGNETOM World Summit
Further Readings
4D Flow MRI – an Update
Michael Markl, Ph.D. et al.
Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
4D Flow MR Imaging
Michael Markl, Ph.D. et al.
University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
4D visualization of flow characteristics in vessels
Michael Markl, Ph.D.
Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
8th MAGNETOM World Summit in Paris, France